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- WORLD, Page 24The Making of an Activist
-
-
- By Andrei Sakharov
-
-
- Preoccupied though he was with the Soviet Union's political
- upheaval, Andrei Sakharov found time in his last months to
- polish his autobiography. The following fragments from
- Sakharov's Memoirs, to be published in 1990 by Alfred A. Knopf,
- tell of his evolution from an honored physicist into a man
- reviled, hounded and condemned to exile as the U.S.S.R.'s
- foremost human rights activist.
-
- On Dec. 3 or 4, 1966, I found an envelope in my mailbox
- containing two sheets of onionskin paper. The first sheet was
- an anonymous report on the arrest and confinement in a
- psychiatric hospital of Viktor Kuznetsov, an artist who had
- helped draft a model constitution for our country, which the
- authors hoped would spark discussion about the introduction of
- democracy.
-
- The second sheet announced a silent demonstration on Dec.
- 5, Constitution Day. I decided to attend. In Pushkin Square I
- found a few dozen people standing around the statue. At 6
- o'clock, half of those present, myself included, removed our
- hats and stood in silence. (The other half, I later realized,
- were KGB.) After a minute or so I walked over to the monument
- and read the inscription aloud:
-
- I shall be loved, and the people will long remember
- that my lyre was tuned to goodness that in this cruel
- age I celebrated freedom and asked for mercy for the
- fallen.
-
- After that, I left the square with the others.
-
- By the beginning of 1968, I felt a growing compulsion to
- speak out. I was influenced by my life experience and a feeling
- of personal responsibility, reinforced by the part I'd played
- in the development of the hydrogen bomb, the special knowledge
- I'd gained about thermonuclear warfare, my bitter struggle to
- ban nuclear testing and my familiarity with the Soviet system.
- My reading and discussions with a fellow scientist had
- acquainted me with the notions of an open society, convergence
- and world government. I hoped that these notions might ease the
- tragic crisis of our age. In 1968 I took my decisive step by
- publishing Reflections on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence, and
- Intellectual Freedom. The book rejected all extremes, the
- intransigence shared by revolutionaries and reactionaries alike.
- It called for compromise and for progress, moderated by
- enlightened conservatism and caution. Marx notwithstanding,
- evolution is a better "locomotive of history" than revolution:
- the "battle" I had in mind was nonviolent.
-
- The government's use of psychiatry for political purposes
- is particularly dangerous because it is a direct assault on the
- victim's mind. The problem is compounded by the inhuman,
- illegal conditions of detention in the special psychiatric
- hospitals, by the conformity and hypocrisy of our closed society
- and by the absence of an independent press. I am speaking here
- about any use of psychiatry for political or ideological
- purposes, not just those cases when mentally healthy patients
- are forcibly confined in psychiatric hospitals.
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